Includes simple and compound umbels.Some inflorescences are one-flowered, in which case the pedicel may (oddly, it seems) also be regarded to be a peduncle. Umbel: Flat-topped inflorescence with all the pedicels arising from a common point. Includes simple, compound and scorpioid cymes. Cyme: Flat-topped inflorescence with oldest flowers at the end of main axis. Often, there will be a small leaf-like BRACT subtending a pedicel.Corymb: Flat-topped inflorescence with youngest flowers at the end of main axis or rachis. A PEDUNCLE is the stalk of an entire inflorescence.“Sessile” is term that, in botany, means “stalkless,” i.e., lacking an evident pedicel in the case of flowers (or lacking a petiole if it’s a leaf that’s being described).Sessile trillium flowers are non-stalked (sessile), solitary, and terminal.Flowers may be placed singly in the axils of normal foliage leaves, as in this Gattlinger’s false-foxglove ( Agalinus gattlingeri, family Orobanchaceae).False foxglove flowers are SOLITARY in the leaf AXILS.A SCAPE is a bare flowering stem arising from a cluster of leaves at the base of the plant. Typical example.Large-flowered trillium solitary, stalked terminal inflorescence.A contrast that illustrates well another condition with respect to flower stalks is provided by another trillium, the aptly named “sessile trillium,” Trillium sessile. Here the main axis (peduncle) branches in a corymbose manner and each branch bears flowers arranged in corymbs. Note also in this species that the flower is stalked, i.e., having a pedicel (which in thus case is also a peduncle).Also known as corymb of corymbs. Grandiflorum) proudly displaying its TERMINAL SOLITARY inflorescence. Here’s large-flowered trillium ( T.A PANICLE is a repeatedly branched elongate inflorescence. This is smooth rock-cress ( Arabis laevigata) note there are developing fruits at the bottom, flowers in the middle portion, and unopened flower buds at the tip of this very evidentally indeterminate inflorescence type.The smooth rock cress inflorescence is a bractless RACEME.Wild hyacinth, Camassia scilloides (Liliaceae/Hyacinthaceae) is racemose, and the individual flowers are subtended with bracts.Wild hyacinth flowers are borne in RACEMES, with bracts beneath each flower.Imagine a raceme that’s having so much fun making flowers that just being one simple elongate axis isn’t good enough it wants to branch out, and so it does. (That’s so very un-animal-like! Are your feet older than your head?) The most typical plant inflorescences are thus indeterminate, and sometimes called “racemose,” after the most representative type, the RACEME.Members of the mustard family often have their flowers in bractless racemes. These regions of cell division are called “apical mersitems.” Thus, a typical plant stem that is producing flowers as it elongates will have: (a) no precisely set, predetermined number of flowers, i.e., it is of “indeterminate” length and flower number and (b) the lower portions are actually older than the upper portions. ELONGATE DETERMINATE (RACEMOSE) INFLORESCENCES(raceme, panicle, spike, catkin/ament, spikelet, spathe & spadix)Plants grow by adding cells at their tips. The so-called “stemless” violets exemplify the solitary scapose inflorescence type.Pale white violet is a “stemless,” having a SCAPOSE inflorescence.III.
![]() ![]() They can be difficult to interpret. This “determinate” growth form is called a CYME, and in its simplest manifestation, consists of three flowers, like the running strawberry-bush, Euonymus obovatus, family Celastraceae) shown below.The running strawberry-bush inflorescence is a simple 3-flowered CYMEMost cymose inflorescence are repeatedly branched, and might be mistaken for a panicle or some other inflorescnce type. Note the plump ovaries topped by a stigmatic surface.The Arisaema inflorescence is a SPADIX surrounded by a leaf-like SPATHE.This is a male inflorescence.Note the abundant stamens, which have mostly released their pollen.Some inflorescences, instead of having their youngest parts at the growing tip and thereby being indeterminate with respect to the number of flowers they can produce, instead have the oldest portion terminal. Entropay virtual debit cardFLOWERS ALL ATTACHED AT THE SAME POINTAn inflorescence in which several-many pedicellate (stalked) flowers are attached at the same point on a peducnle is called an UMBEL. Comfrey ( Symphytum sp.) is an example.The comfrey inflorescnce is a HELICOID CYME.V. This is the characteristic inflorescence of the forget-me-not family, Boraginaceae (including the water-leafs, formerly Hydrophylklaceae). Cyme And Corymb Series Of LeafOr better yet, look at a picture of a CAPITULUM. Indeed, this family has an alternate name, the Umbelliferae, which literally means “umbel-bearing.” Wild carrot, also called “Queen Anne’s lace,” produces compound umbels with both the primary and secondary “rays” (peduncles) of the umbel subtended by a series of leaf-like bracts (termed an “involucre).Wild Queen Anne’s lacy carrot produces a compound UMBEL.Imagine an umbel, but with flowers that are sessile (stalkless). Simple umbels are produced by many clovers (genus Trifolium in Fabaceae, the legume family).White clover flowers are stalked, and all attached at the same location on the peduncle,Here’s another example of an umbel, this time produced by the most magnificent organism in the entire known universe (eat your heart out, blue whale! hang your cones in shame, coast redwood), Sullivant’s milkweed, Asclepias sullivantii (Apocynaceae, the dogbane family).Sullivant’s milkweed flowers are arranged in a simple UMBEL.The most well-developed umbels are the compound ones produced by many members of carrot family, Apiaceae. Invivo software dentalThe flowers are individually tiny aggregation in a capitulum facilitates assembly-line pollination, whereby one floral visitor can deliver pollen to, and remove it from, many flowers in one foraging bout.Honeybee visits sunflower CAPITULUM, which consists of a great many small flowers. Also called the “Compositae” because their capitulum often includes two types of flowers in a special mixed cluster, these capitula often resemble large individual blossoms.
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